Virtualisation Environment in Fedora 14

Virtualisation Environment in Fedora 14 :

Aim :

Virtualisation environment  (e.g., xen, kqemu or lguest) to test an applications, new kernels and isolate applications. It could also be used to expose students to other alternate OSs like *BSD

Procedure :

What is Virtualisation?

Virtualisation, in computing, is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as a hardware platform, operating system, a storage device or network resources.

So what we are going to do is to install another operating system say 'Ubuntu' within our host operating system 'Fedora'. Now the 'Ubuntu' contained within the virtual machine is called as the guest Operating System. The software that we are going to use to perform this is the open source software called 'Qemu'

Installing Ubuntu within Fedora using QEMU :

1. The first step involved here is to download the QEMU source code (if it is not already present). You can perform this download by clicking the following link Download QEMU Source code
2.  
3. Next task is to build the emulator from the source code. Go the folder where you have downloaded the source code in the terminal and enter the following two commands:
• $ tar -zxvf qemu-0.14.0.tar.gz
• $ cd qemu-0.14.0

4. Next we are going to configure the qemu script such that it is built for i386 architecture. However it supports various other architectures like ARM, PPC, SPARC etc. Enter the following command:
• $ ./configure --target-list=i386-softmmu

(Before doing this make sure you have installed Header files and libraries for zlib development. If you haven't then go to 'Add/Remove software' app in Fedora and do it and then configure your script)

5. Once you are done with configuring now you have to install it. For doing so, you must login as root in your terminal using the 'su' command. After that use the 'make' command to install it.
• $ su
• Password: (This is not a command, but will come when you enter su)
• # make install

6. Now you have installed qemu. Next step is to create the virtual machine. The first step in that is to create a Virtual Hard disk image for that. For our Ubuntu OS let us a create an Hard disk of size 10 GB. To create that go to a folder where you want to create the hard disk image and enter the following:
• $ qemu-img create ubuntu.img 10G
• $ ls -lh ubuntu.img (To check)

7. So you have created the hard disk. What next??? Yes..To install Ubuntu into it. You have to download ubuntu and place its .iso image in the current working directory.
   Then execute the following commands
• qemu -hda ubuntu.img --boot d -cdrom ./ubuntu-10.10-desktop-i386.iso -m 512

In the above command, '-hda' option specifies the disk image file, '-cdrom' is the CD-ROM or iso image to be used and '-m' option specifies the memory to be allocated for the guest OS. In this case it is 512 MB of RAM.

Now our Virtual machine is ready. Just got to install ubuntu in it. The screenshot is given below:

** Here we have build the software from the source. If you find it complicated you can always use fedora's "yum".... Just install using the command 'yum install qemu' and after that see 5th and 6th points given here.

*** This may be revised in future. Stay tuned for updates. If you find any problem or have any suggestions for improvements, you can always mail me.

By M.Baran Mahamood

Linux Kernel configuration, compilation and installation in Fedora

Linux Kernel 3.0/3.01 configuration, compilation and installation in Fedora 14 or 15 :

FOSS LAB  - Exercise 1 :

             Hi friends, i have successfully install Linux kernel 3.0 into my fedora OS.

 here I will explain how to compile and install Linux Kernel 3.0 and Linux Kernel 3.0.1 in Fedora 15. Linux Kernel 3.0.1 stable version has released yesterday and you can download it from kernel.org. If you’re new to Linux then I strongly recommend you try with Linux Kernel 3.0 and not with Linux Kernel 3.0.1. You can later patch it to Linux Kernel 3.0.

Click here to Download the Linux Kernel Installation Guide Doc

You can also follow the same steps to compile and install Linux Kernel 3.0.1 in your system.

Dependencies:

To compile Linux Kernel the following are required to be installed.

• gcc latest version,
• ncurses development package and
• system packages should be up-to date

To install the dependencies run the following commands in terminal and type the password for the user, when prompted.

For gcc

$ sudo yum install gcc

For ncurses development package

$ sudo yum install ncurses-devel

After installing the above packages then update your system by running the following command

$ sudo yum update

Now download the Linux Kernel 3.0 from kernel.org or by using the below command. If your trying with Linux Kernel 3.0.1 then just replace the name linux-3.0 with linux-3.0.1 in all commands below.

$ wget http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.0/linux-3.0.tar.bz2

Once the download complete move to the directory where you have downloaded the kernel package  “linux-3.0.tar.bz2“. Now extract the tar file to the location “/usr/src/“.

To move to the directory,  for example if the downloaded package is in your Downloads directory. Use the below command.

$ cd Downloads/

To extract the tar file run the following command. Type the password for the user when prompted.

$ sudo tar -xvf linux-3.0.tar.bz2 -C /usr/src/

Now move to the directory where the extracted file is, or copy and paste the below command in terminal.

$ cd /usr/src/linux-3.0/

Now you can configure, compile and install Linux Kernel 3.0 in your system. Run the commands one by one and type the password for the user, when prompted.

To Configure

$ sudo make menuconfig

The above command is used to configure the Linux kernel. Once you execute the command, you will get a pop up window with the list of menus and you can select the items for the new configuration. If your unfamiliar with the configuration just check for the file systems menu and check whether ext4 is chosen or not, if not select it and save the configuration. Check the screen shot below for menuconfig.

If you like to have your  existing configuration then run the below command.

$ sudo make oldconfig

There are other alternate configuration commands are available and you can find them in README file under linux-3.0 directory.

To Compile

$ sudo make

The above command is used to compile the Linux Kernel. It will take some time to complete it, approximately 40 min to 50 min it depends on your system configuration.

To Install

$ sudo make modules_install install

The above command will install the Linux Kernel 3.0 into your system. It will create some files under /boot/ directory and it will automatically make a entry in your grub.conf.

The files are,

• System.map-3.0.0
• vmlinuz-3.0.0
• initramfs-3.0.0.img

To make it default just modify the grub.conf or menu.lst under “/boot/grub/” directory. Open the file using below command.

$ sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

Just check the entry for fedora 3.0.0, if it is in first place then change default=0, if not check for the exact position and give the corresponding value in default. 

Restart your system by default it will boot in fedora 3.0.0, you can able to see while booting if not press any key to change it. 

To check after booting open a terminal and type  “uname -r“. Check the screen shot below.

Hope this will be helpful for you!!!

Fedora OS Installation Guide

Fedora OS Installation Guide  :

hi friends ,

               i have successfully install Fedora OS into my system. here with i have given the Fedora OS basic installation guide. ( while installing OS directly into your hard disk take care of your hard disk partitioning, other wise use virtual box software to install it)

Click here to Download the Installation Guide Doc

Requirements :

Hardware:
     Minimum Requirements:
   – 700 Mhz X86 Processor
   – 384 MB of system memory (RAM)
   – 40 GB of disk space
   – Graphics card capable of 1024*768 resolution
   – Sound Card
   – Network or Internet Connection


Step1:

           Download the Fedora 14 Live GNOME iso image from Click here to download FEDORA 14-1686 Live Desktop , for Latest version Fedora 15 Click here Live CD DVD

Step 2 :

          Burn it onto a CD, and boot your computer from it. It will boot into a live Fedora 14 desktop that you can use to test how Fedora 14 works on your system.

At the login prompt, select Automatic Login:

This is how the live desktop looks. You can now play around with it if you like.

Step 3 :  ( Before doing this step make sure u have prior knowledge of installing OS and hard disk partitioning , other wise try to install OS using  the Virtual Box Software ) *

 If you are sure that you want to install Fedora 14 on your hard drive, click on Install to Hard Drive:

The Fedora Installer starts. Click on Next:

Select your keyboard layout:

I assume that you use a locally attached hard drive, so you should select Basic Storage Devices here:

If you see the following message (Error processing drive: [...] This device may need to be reinitialized. REINITIALIZING WILL CAUSE ALL DATA TO BE LOST!), please click on Re-initialize:

You can leave the hostname as is and click on Next:

Select your time zone:

Type in a root password (twice to verify it):

The default partitioning is ok, so you can hit Next:

Confirm by clicking on Write changes to disk:

The installation starts. This can take a few minutes:

The installation is complete. Click on Close...

... and reboot the system - go to System > Shut Down...
 

... and select Restart. Don't forget to remove the Live CD from the CD drive before the system boots again!

If the system is booting for the first time, the first boot wizard comes up. Click on Forward...

... and accept the license.

Then add a regular user account to the system (I'm creating the user falko here):

Select Synchronize date and time over the network and click on Forward (with the network time protocol (NTP) your computer can fetch the current time from a time server over the Internet, so you don't have to adjust the system clock every few weeks):

On the next screen you can send details about your hardware to the Fedora project to help them develop the software. It's up to you whether you want to submit these details or not:

 

Now that we are finished with the first boot wizard, we can log into our new desktop with the user we've just created:

This is how your new Fedora 14 desktop looks:

3 Update The System

Now it's time to check for updates. Go to System > Administration > Software Update:

The Software Update wizard comes up and checks for the latest updates. Click on Install Updates to install them:

Afterwards the updates are being downloaded and installed:

You might need to confirm the update again:

Click on OK afterwards - your computer is now up to date (in some cases, e.g. if a new kernel got installed, you might have to restart your computer for the changes to take effect - if this is necessary, the Software Update wizard will tell you to do so):

4 Disable SELinux

SELinux is a security extension of Fedora that should provide extended security. In my opinion you don't need it to configure a secure system, and it usually causes more problems than advantages (think of it after you have done a week of trouble-shooting because some service wasn't working as expected, and then you find out that everything was ok, only SELinux was causing the problem). Therefore I choose disable it, although you might prefer to go with it. I haven't tested this setup with SELinux enabled - it might well be that it works without problems, but if it does not, you can try to turn SELinux off and see if the problem is gone.

To disable SELinux, open a terminal (Applications > System Tools > Terminal)...

... and become root:

su 

Open /etc/sysconfig/selinux...

gedit /etc/sysconfig/selinux

... and set SELINUX to disabled:

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - SELinux is fully disabled. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= type of policy in use. Possible values are: # targeted - Only targeted network daemons are protected. # strict - Full SELinux protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted

To make the change effective, we must reboot the system:

reboot

If you find any flaws in this inform to me .....